MARUTHANAYAGAM

Maruthanayagam (Marudhanayagam) Pillai, or Muhammad Yusuf Khan, was born in Pannaiyur, Ramanad District, Tamilnadu, India in 1725. From humble beginnings, he became a warrior in the Arcot troops, later Commandant for the British East India Company troops. The British and the Arcot Nawab used him to suppress Polygars (Palayakkarar) in the South Tamilnadu. The polygar system had evolved with the extension of Vijayanagar rule to Tamil Nadu by the Nayaks. It was the brain-child of Aryanatha Mudaliar (Thalavaai Mudaliar), the celebrated tamil general and prime minister of Viswanatha Nayak, the first Nayak ruler of Madurai.The country was divided into provinces or Palayams (pronounced Paalayam). Each palayam usually consisting of a few villages,was placed under the control of a Palayakkaran (Polygar or Poligar as mentioned in the English records) who was expected to provide in return, an annual tribute and military service to the Madurai ruler.Later he was entrusted to administrating the Madurai country when the Madurai Nayaks rule ended. During that uncertain period he demonstrated his considerable abilities as an administrator. Later a dispute arose with the British and Arcot Nawab, and three of his associates were bribed to capture Yusuf Khan; he was hanged in 1764 in Madurai. He was the first freedom fighter even before Kattabomman.